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The Earth’s surface is divided into different climate zones based on temperature, latitude, and other environmental factors. The three main zones are temperate, tropical, and polar. Understanding their geographic spread helps in studying climate patterns and ecosystems.
Temperate Zone
The temperate zone lies between the tropical and polar regions. It extends roughly from 23.5° to 66.5° north and south of the equator. This zone experiences moderate temperatures with distinct seasons, including warm summers and cold winters.
It is characterized by deciduous and mixed forests, grasslands, and diverse wildlife. Major cities like New York, London, and Tokyo are located within this zone, benefiting from its moderate climate.
Tropical Zone
The tropical zone is located near the equator, between approximately 23.5° north and south latitude. It has a consistently warm climate throughout the year with high humidity and significant rainfall.
This zone supports lush rainforests, savannas, and diverse ecosystems. Countries such as Brazil, Indonesia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo are situated within the tropical zone.
Polar Zone
The polar zones are found near the Earth’s poles, from about 66.5° to 90° north and south. These regions experience extremely cold temperatures, long winters, and short, cool summers.
Ice sheets, tundra, and sparse vegetation dominate these areas. Greenland, Antarctica, and parts of northern Canada and Russia are within the polar zones.