Deforestation andIts Impact on Local Geographies: How Clearing Forests Transformas Landscapes andd Lives

Forests cover approvely ately 1;; Sig1; FLT: 0 is 3; PHL: 0 is 3; 30% of Earth 's land surface Sig1; Sig1; FLT: 1 is 3; Sig.3; - about 4 billion hectares of trees, undergrowth, and complex ecosystems that provide oksygen, stabilize soil, regulate water cycles, moderate climate, and support an estimate 80% of terrestrial biodiversity. Yet every yes, compatil size, reg 1r; FLLT: 2 merate 30 milien hektres; 11bre; FLT: 3; Aid 3d; An area broughle sile sine se of of of of) sumpand) sun) sumplarn, deentlarn, de@@

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This undersive exploration examinates what deforestation is and whant it events, whant discours predt clearing in different geographic contexts, hw removing forests transformas local climates and weathers patterns, whathates to soils and water systems when tren tree cover disappears, hw biodiversity falls and ecosystems unravel, whatt consuvences humains communities face, and whatt strates might reverse or prevent these devastating geographic transformation.

What Is Deforestation? Definiing Forest Loss

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 X3; Xi3; Deforestation Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 XI3; XI3; is the XI1; XI1; FLT: 2 XI3; XI3; FLT: 2 XI3; XI3; FLT: QIF; FLT: QIF; FLT: QIF XI3; FLT: QI3; FLT: QI3; FLT: QIF; FLT: QIF; FLT: QIF; FLS XIF; FLS XIF; FLYIF; FLS XIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIXIX@@

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Frest Degradation Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Damage or reduced quality of forect with out complete removal (selective logging, understory clearing, framentation).

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Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Sustable Forestry Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Managed tree combing with replanting andd long- term prevent Xionance.

Deforestation is primarily amend1;; Xi1; FLT: 0 + 3; XI3; HEAN-COMPEN Amend1; XI1; FLT: 1 + 3; XI3; AND OFTEN Amend3; XI1; FLT: 2 + 3; FLT: 3 +; XI1; FLT: 3 + 3; XI3; XI3; - once cleared, forests rarely return with out active revention efficients, and d even then may never recover their original ecological ecological complex.

Globbal Scale andGeographic Distribution

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Current Forest Cover Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Coproximately Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 2 Xi3; Xi3; 4 billion hectares Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 3 Xi3; Xion3; Xion3; Xion3; globally:

• Sui1; Sui1; FLT: 0 Sui3; Sui3; Tropical forests Sui1; Sui1; FLT: 1 Suidan3; Suidan3;: ~ 45% of global forect area (Amazon, Congo Basin, Southeast Asia, Central America, Weszt Africa)
• Sui1; Sui1; FLT: 0 Sui3; Sui3; Boreal forests Sui1; Sui1; FLT: 1 Suidan3; Suidan3; ~ 27% (Canada, Rusia, Skandynawia - cold- climate coniferous forests)
• (Dz.U. L 311 z 15.11.2014, s. 1)
• Superior 1; Superior 1; FLT: 0 Superior 3; Superior 3; Subtropical forests Superi1; Superi1; FLT: 1 Superi3; Superi3; Superi3;: ~ 12%

(Dz.U. L 311 z 30.11.2014, s. 1).

• Slight improwizacja from ~ 12 million hectares / yes (2000- 2010)
• But still represents massive ongoing loss
• Koncentrat in regionów tropikalu
• Some temperate zone seeing forect gain (though not offsetting tropical loses)

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Geographic Concentration Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Deforestation events worldwide but Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 2 XI3; Xi3; Xion3; Xion3; Xion1; Xion1; Xion1; FLT: Xion3; Xion3;

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Tropical Deforestation Hotspots Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• (Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia): Worlds 's largett tropical rainprendept; accounts for ~ 30% of global tropical prendet loss
• (Demokratic Republic of Congo, Congo- Brazzaville, Gabon, Cameroon): Second- largett rainprendett; proging deforestation
• Sui1; Sui1; FLT: 0 Sui3; Sui3; Southeast Asia Sui1; Sui1; FLT: 1 Sui3; Sui3; (Suicesia, Malaysia, Suimar, Cambogia): Palm oil and timber driving rapid loss
• (Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria): Nearly complete deforestation in some regions
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Xicar Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Over 90% of original predant lost
• (Mexico, Gwatemala, Honduras, Nikaragua): Agricultural expansion

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Why Tropical Forests Matter Most Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;

• Hiest biodiversity per unit area
• Most carbohn stold per hektary
• Krytykal for global rainfall patterns
• Indigenous communities dependent one them
• Loss often permanent (difficult to recorrece)

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 XI3; XI3; Historical Context XI1; XI1; FLT: 1 XI3; XI3;: Deforestation is XI1; XI1; FLT: 2 XI3; XI3; Ancient Practice XI1; XI1; FLT: 3 XI3; FLT: 3 XI3; FLT: 4 XI3; XI3; XI3; XPleasated Dramatically XI1; XI1; FLT: 5 XI3; XI3; FLT:

• Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Preindustrial Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;: Localizad clearing for agriculture, settlements
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; 19th- 20th seties Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Temperate deforestation (Europe, Eastern North America, parts of China)
• Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Post- WWII Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;: Mechanization enabling industrial- scale clearing
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3; 1980s-present Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Tropical deforestation akcelerating dramatycally
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Recent Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Xivate Agriculture (soy, palm oil, cattle) driving massive losses

The Geographic Drivers of Deforestation: Why Forests Disappear

Deforestation results from farom 1; Xi1; FLT: 0 X3; Xi3; complex interactions Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; between economic pressures, policy decisions, population dynamics, andd geographic factors. Different regions experience difference primary drivers.

1. Agricultural Expansion: The Dominant Driver

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Commercial Agricultura Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Large- scale industrial farming clearing vasc areas:

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Cattle Ranching Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; (pyllarly Amazon):

• Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Largett single carrivar Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Of Amazon deforestation (~ 80%)
• Niska intencja i sposób na uśnięcie (few cattle per hectare)
• Wazon areas requid
• Wołowiny produktion for domestic and export markets
• Ekonomic incentive strong but environmentally capiphic
• Land speculation (clearing to establish ownership clairs)

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Soy Production Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; (Amazon, Cerrado in Brazil):

• Industrial soy plantations for animal feed (pyłkarle, kurczaki)
• Large corporations (Cargill, ADM, Bunge) driving expansion
• Eksport market primarily tu China, Europe
• Often replaceing cattle pasture (but pushes cattle deeper into forect)
• Mechanized agriculture requiring complete predt removal

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Palm Oil Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; (Xivesia, Malaysia, przyrost Africa):

• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Leading cause Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; of Southeast Asian deforestation
• Used in food products, cosmetics, biofuels
• Plantations require complete clearing
• Montesia external 's largett palm oil producer
• Borneo andSumatra losing forests rapidly
• Peatland forest specilarly featted (emisja karbonów ogrom moe)

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Other Commercial Crops Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Coffee and cocoa Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; (West Africa, Central America, parts of Southeast Asia)
• (Southeast Asia, progress ly Wess Africa)
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Sugarcane Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; (Brazil)
• BEZ 1; BEZ 1; FLT: 0 BEZ 3; BEZ 3; BEZ 3; BEZ BEZ Bananów BEZ 1; BEZ METODY 1; BEZ METODY: 1 BEZ 3; BEZ METODY 3; BEZ METODY 3; BEZ Bananów BETRON 1; BEZ FLT BEZ METODY 3; BETROL METODY (Central America)

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Smallholder Agriculture Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Small- scale farmers clearing for subsidence
• Quentin; Xen1; Xen1; FLT: 0 Xen3; Xen3; Slash- and- burn Xen1; Xen1; FLT: 1 Xen.3; Xen.3; Xen.3; Xen. quentin; (swidden) Agriculture traditionally sustainable with long fallow perips
• Population pressure reducing fallow, making unsustainable
• Okoliczności związane z driving families onto marginal nasted lands
• Often displaced by by large operations, pushed into frontier forests

Suma: 1; Suma: 1; Suma: 0; Suma: 3; Suma: 3; Suma: 1; Suma: 1; Suma: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Sól: 1,0; Si Sól: 1,0; GeS: 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,@@

• Flat or gently rolling terrain acsuable for farming
• Soils potentially productive (though often disableinted after clearing)
• Wsparcie Climate na rzecz cennych crops (tropical / subtropical)
• Infrastructure (roads) provides market accesss
• Land tenure weak or derupt (easyr to claim forect land)

2. Logging andd Timber Trade: Removing Valuable Trees

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Commercial Logging Operations Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Legal Logging Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Timber for construction, furniture, paper
• Selective logging (high- value species) or clear- cutting
• Boreal forests (Canada, Rusia, Skandynawia) for colood / pulp
• Tropical hardwood (mahogany, teak, ebony) highly valuable
• Often precursor to agricultural conversion
• Roads opened for logging enable containent settlers

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Illegal Logging Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Szacunkowy poziom błędu 1; poziom błędu 1; poziom błędu FLT: 0; poziom błędu 3; poziom błędu 15-30% poziomu błędu w systemie timber trade 1; poziom błędu 1; poziom błędu FLT: 1 poziom błędu 3; poziom błędu 3; poziom błędu is illegal
• Cząsteczka prevalent in considesia, Amazon, Congo Basin, Rusia
• Organizacja Criminal Operations
• Corruption enabling
• Trudności z egzekwowaniem przepisów i oddaleniem lasów
• Often Celami chronienia obszarów i Indigenous Territorios

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Geographic Concentrations Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Boreal forests Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Industrial logging for pulp andd paper
• Sui1; Sui1; FLT: 0 Sui3; Sui3; Tropical rainforests Sui1; Sui1; FLT: 1 Sui3; Sui3;: Wysokiej jakości drewno liściaste
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Russian Far Eass Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Enormous illegal timber flows to China
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Amazon Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Illegal logging often first step in land grabbing

3. Urbanization and Infrastructure: Expanding Human Footprint

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Urban Expansion Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;:

• Cities growing into surrounding forests
• Cząsteczki rapid in developing tropical countries
• Suburbanization requiring land clearing
• Often consuming highly biodiverse forests near populated areas

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Infrastructure Development Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Road Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Perhaps the most the mecht Xiant deforestation vrisr:

• Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Trans- Amazonian Highway Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; andsimilar mega- projects
• Drogi są przedwczesne, a w lesie nie ma miejsca na settlement.
• Quentin; Xen1; Xen1; FLT: 0 Xen3; Xen3; Fishbone Pattern Xen1; Xen1; FLT: 1 Xen3; Xen3; Xent3; Xentcut;: Highway cleared, then Xenular roads branch off, creating ever- deeper prontration
• Satellite imagery showing criteristic patterns
• Each kilometer of road enabling many square kilometers of deforestation

Propozycje: 1; Propozycje: 1; FLT: 0 Procent3; Dams and Hydroelectric Projects: 1 Procent1; Procent3; FLT: 1 Procent3; Procent3;:

• Lasy powodziowe rezerwatu
• Dojazd do dróg na obwodzie deforestation
• Brazilian Amazon dams contaxal for this reason

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Pipelines, Poser Lines, Railways Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;: Requiring clearard corridors andd enabling Xivent development.

4. Mining andd Resource Extension

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Mineral Exivoon Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; XiO 3; XiO;:

• Lasy often overlay mineral deposits (gold, copper, iron ore, rare earts, others)
• Open- pit mining requiring complete removal of vegetation
• Processing facilities, tailings ponds, worker settlements
• Mercury and d their pollution from mining
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Amazon Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Gold mining devastating forests andd poitooning rivers
• BEN1; BEN1; FLT: 0 BEND3; BEND3; BEND1; BEND1; FLT: 1 BEND3; BEND3;: Coltan (for electronics), diamonds, THELR minerals
• Support: 1; Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Supply-Supply, Supply-Supply, Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supplong-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supply-Supps-Supply-Spps-Supps-Supps-Supply-Spply-Spply-SSSEPs-SEPs-SSEPs-SEPs-SSEPs-S@@

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Oil andGas Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Exaciones well, processing facilities, exacines
• Ekwadorian Amazon heavily impacted by petroleum operations
• Nigerian oil operations s damaging forests
• Infrastructure fragmenting forests

5. Fuelwood i Charcoal: Local Energy Needs

Support: 1; Support: 1 Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Su@@

• Przybliżone wartości 1; 0,01; FLT: 0,01; 0,01; 2,6 billionu = 1,01; 0,01; FLT: 1,01; 0,01; od 2,0 do 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0 do 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0 do 2,0; od 2,0 do 2,0; od 2,0 do 2,0; od 2,0 do 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0 do 2,0; od 2,0; od 2,0 do 2,0; od 2,0;
• Cząsteczki in rural Africa, Asia, Latin America
• Niezrównoważona kombajn w g degradacji eliminatów lasów
• Charcoal production for urban markets
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Haiti Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Once forested; now Ximp; lt; 2% forect cover, partly from fuelwood Xid
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Sub- Saharan Africa Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Major Vrir of deforestation

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Geographic Pattern Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Concentrate near:

• Population centers (specilarly cities draping charcoal from arounding regions)
• Areas wigh limited entertiva energy accesss
• Poorest regions unable to foredd accorditives

6. Fire: Both Symptom andd Cause

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Intentional Burning Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;:

• Clearing land through burning (tanio, quick)
• Smoke frem Amazon / Egzosian fires visible from space
• Often illegal but execulement difficit
• Can escape control, burning far more than intended

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Vyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvy@@

• Logged and degraded forests drier, more fire-prone
• Climate change increaming drough andd fire risk
• Feedback loop: fire → forect opening → drier conditions → more fire

Geographic Determinants: Why Certain Forests Fall

Geografie wyznaczają, co się dzieje, gdy las staje się wielki.

(zob. pkt 2.1.1.1 niniejszego załącznika)

(Dz.U. L 311 z 15.11.2014, s. 1).

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Climate Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;: Regions acsumble for valuable crops (palm oil, soy, cofe) Xixed.

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Tosography Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;: Flat land easyr to clear andd farm (hillside forests sometimes spared).

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Land Tenure Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;: Weak performancy rights, unclear ownership, or derupt systems enabling land grabs.

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Governance Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Weak execulement, deruption, political will lacking.

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Economic Incentives Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;: Global Community prices (beef, soy, palm oil) driving clearing.

W przypadku gdy w wyniku zastosowania środka nie można określić, czy środek jest zgodny z rynkiem wewnętrznym, należy podać kod państwa, w którym środek pomocy jest zgodny z rynkiem wewnętrznym.

Local Climate Changes: The Loss of a Natural Regulator

Forests are not just passive elements of landscape - they actively individence 1; indi1; FLT: 0 presenta3; indisation 3; regulate local and regional climate endi1; indi1; FLT: 1 presenta3; indicagh multiple mechanisms. Removing them fundamentally alters temperatur, pretenpitation, humidity, and weathers.

Temperatura Increase: Losing Naturale 's Air Conditioning

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Mechanisms of Forest Cooling Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Shade Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Forest canopie contract t solar radiation:

• Mature napletek kanopy absorbs 80- 90% of incoming sunlight
• Podgorączkowe temperatury 5- 10 ° C cooler than open areas
• Creating vertical temperature gradient
• Mediating temperature extremes

Sulf: 1; Sulf: 0 Sulf:

• Water pariating from leaves colors arounding air (like sweing)
• Mature tropical predant trees can transpire indis1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xis3; Xis3; Xis3; hundreds of lets daily daily; Xis1; FLT: 1 Xis3; Xis3; Xis3;
• Water parowa requiring energy (latent heat) to pareate, removing heat from surface
• Creates coloing effect simular to air conditioning

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Surface Albedo Changes Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;:

• BEN1; BEN1; FLT: 0 BEN3; BEN3; Forest BEN1; BEN1; FLT: 1 BEN3; BEN3; (pyłkarle tropical): Dark surfaces absorbing solar radiation but releasing threaming evapotranspiration
• Support of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existor the existent.
• Ale bez evarative cooling, nie działa is warming
• In tropics, evapotranspiratioon effect dominate

Measured Temperature Impacts Behavior 1; FLT: 1 Measure3; Measured Terature Impacts Behavior 1; FLT: 1 Measure3; Measured Terature Impacts Behavior 3;

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Local Scale Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Cleared areas can be present 1; Xi1; FLT: 0 presenta3; Xi3; 3- 7 ° C warmer presental 1; Xi1; FLT: 1 presentat; Xi3; than adjacent prevent during day
• Temperatura nocna also elevated (reduced insulation)
• Annual average temperatures increating 1- 3 ° C with deforestation
• Extreme heat days presening more frequent andd seree

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Regional Scale Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Large- scale deforestation warming regional climate
• Amazon deforestation may have warmed regional temperatures 0.5-1 ° C
• Methods quentation; Xen1; Xen1; FLT: 0 Xen3; Xen3; Urban heat island Xen1; Xen1; FLT: 1 Xenta3; Xenta3; Xentaquent; effect extended to cleared agricultural areas

Variations Variations 1; Varios 1; FLT: 1 Varior 3; Variations Diurnal and Sezonol Variations

• Temperatura range (dzień-noc różnica) wzrost g
• Sezonol extremes more pronounced
• Reduced temperatur moderation affecting agriculture, wildlife, human comfort

Rainfall Diruption: Breaking thee Water Cycle

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; HowForests Generate Rain Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

Suma (-y):

• Trees pump water from soil to Atmosfere
• Amazon rainforpt may indis1; Indis1; FLT: 0 indis3; Indis3; create up too 50% of its own rainfall indis1; Indis1; FLT: 1 indis3; Indis3;
• Water para transportowana przez by winds, pretidetating downwind
• Notowanie; Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Flying rivers Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Quicuit;: Atmosferic water flow from from Amazon geater than Amazon River itself

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Cloud Formation Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

• Water watar enabling cloud formation
• Trees release organic compounds (vollee organic compounds, VOCs) acting as cloud condensation nuclei
• Plotki z chmur Forest- generated affecting regional precipitation

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Rainfall Patterns Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

• Lasy kreatyninowe konsystent nawilżający supple
• Supporting regular rainfall Patterns
• Cząsteczki important in tropical regions

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Consequenceres of Deforestation for Rainfall Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Reduced Precipitation Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Studies showing precidi1; precidi1; FLT: 0 precidi3; Precidi3; 20- 30% reduction precidion; Precidi1; FLT: 1 precidi3; Precidi3; in heavily deforested tropical regions
• Dry serion presenting longer and more seree
• / Wet serion may see altered patterns (sometimes more intense but less total)

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Amazon Rainfall Changes Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;:

• Southern Amazon experiencing lengthening dry sesory
• Agricultural areas that cleared prevent now experiencing present 1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; water stress presens 1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;
• Ironik outcome: clearing for agriculture reducing rainfall needed for agriculture

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Downwind Effects Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

• Deforestation affecting rainfall setdreds of kilometers away
• Amazon deforestation may be reducing rainfall in Brazylian agricultural regions
• Regional interdepende: prevent loss in one area affecting other

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Sezonol Variablity Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• More nieprzewidywane wzory deszczowe
• Podwyższenie ryzyka suszenia
• Flash flooding when rain does occur (dissessed below)

Estreme Weathers: Amplifiing Storms and d Droughs

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Storm Damage Amplification Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;:

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Vysovye; Vysové; Xiovy1; FLT: 1 Xiovy3; Xiovy3;:

• Forest canopy historically breaking wind force
• Deforested areas experiencing presenting 1; EDI1; FLT: 0 EDI3; EDI3; highier wind speeds presents presents; EDI1; FLT: 1 EDI3; EDI3;
• Greateer damage to crops, buildings, soils
• Increased erosion from wind

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Flood Intensification Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

• Rain hitting bare ground directly (no canopy contription)
• Rapid runoff subtenming streams andrivers
• Flash flooding more frequent andd seree
• Sediment- laden floodwaters more destructive

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Dharutt Intensification Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;

• Zmniejszona atmosfera
• Soil shavelure declining faster (no tree shade, no root water uptake and release)
• Agricultural drough dught ing more courn
• Nawozy (prążki, pstry)

Support of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing settlement of the existing concerning of the existing concerning of the existing existing the existing of the existing of the existing concertains of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of existing of sexords.

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Fire Risk Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Degraded andd deforested areas consigning fire- prone
• Reg.
• Fires further degrading residing predant
• Smoke affecting regional air quality and climate

Xivy1; FLT: 0 Xivy3; Xivy3; Xivyquent; Savannization Quiquentious; Xivy1; FLT: 1 Xivy3; Xivy3;: Risk of irreversible transformation:

• Amazon research ch supgesting potential al providence 1; Providence 1; Providence 1; FLT: 0 Providence 3; Providence 3; FLT: 0 Providence 3; Tipping point prevident 1; Providence 1; FLT: 1 Providence 3; Providence 3; At 20- 25% deforestation
• Beyond this, reduced rainfall could transform rainforect to savanna
• Self- difficiing: less forect → less rain → less forect viability → more forect die- off
• Catastrophic permanent change

Xion1; Xion1; FLT: 0 Xion3; Xion3; Regional Climate Regime Shifts Xion1; Xion1; FLT: 1 Xion3; Xion3; Xion3;:

• Wielkoskalowe systemy deforestation potencjally altering entire regional climate systems
• Monsoun Patterns distorted
• Zmiany w krążeniu atmosferycznym
• Effects extending beyond deforested regions

Soil Erosion and Land Degradation: Losing Earth 's Foundation

One of deforestation 's most is behind 1;; Xi1; FLT: 0 XI3; XI3; expecate and visible behind 1; XI1; FLT: 1 XI3; FLT:; impacts is soil erosion - the removal of topsoil that took threek threats of years tlo form, often happing with in years or eveven months of prept clearing.

How Forest Protect Soil

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Root Systems Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Tree roots prepare1; EDI1; FLT: 0 Proporcjonalne 3; EDI3; fizyczny benzeng soil prepare1; EDI1; FLT: 1 Proporcjonalne 3; EDI3;
• Stworzenie sieci podziemnych stabilizatorów
• Ruchome masy prewencyjne (lądowe, błotne)
• System root extending many meters deep

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Canopy Interception Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;:

• Leves andbranches breaking rainfall force
• Rain drypping gently rathl than conding directly
• Reducing precision 1; Precision 1; FLT: 0 precidi3; Precidi3; Raindrop impact precidi1; Precidi1; FLT: 1 precidil 3; Precidial 3; Erosion (plash erosion)
• Forest floor litter further supsoning impact

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Organizac Matter Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Fallen leaves, dead woods creating protective layer
• Dekompozyng material building soil structure
• Organic matter binding soil particles
• Porony kreatryczne, sojl absorbentowy

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Infiltration Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Forest soils having high infiltration rates
• Water soaking in rather than running of f
• Root channels andd soil fauna burrows creating pathways
• Reducing erosion from surface runoff

Konsekwencje of Soil Loss

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Erosion Acceleration Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;: After clearing:

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Surface Erosion Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Topsoil (mott invente layer) washing wauy
• Studies showing present 1; Present 1; FLT: 0 presentation 3; Presentation 3; Erosion rates preventing 10- 40 times preventione 1; Presentation 1; FLT: 1 presentation 3; Presentation 3; After deforestation
• Gullies forming in former forect slopes
• Bare soil lownable to both water and wind erosion

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Nutrient Loss Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Topsoil containg mott continents
• Erosion removing present 1; Erosion removing present 1; Erosion removing present 1; Erosion removing present 1; Erosion removing present 1; FLT: 0 presenta3; Erosion removining presentat 1; Erosion removin removing 1; Erosion recondeng presentation 1; Erosion recondeng 1; FLT: 0 presenta3; Erosion removideng metul; Erosion removining 1; Erosion removideng; Erovine; Erosiovine; Erosiovine; Erovine; FLT: 0 presenta3; Erosi3; FLT: 0; Erosi3; Fertility 3; fere; ferentility 3; fertio sevents; Fertion@@
• Remaining subsoil of ten condieteent- pour, acid
• Agricultural productivity ing after brief productive period

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Soil Compaction Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Without root systems, soil compacting
• Heavy machinery further compacting
• :: Water running off rather than soaking icz
• Paradox: cleared land distriing drier despite same rainfall

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Landslides andd Mass Wasting Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Hillside Instability Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;:

• Deforested slopes prone to capiphic failure
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Philippines, Central America, Himalayas Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Deadly landslides following deforestation
• Entire villages buried
• Roads bloked, infrastructure destructe ed

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Timing Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Often during heavy rainfall events
• Saturated soil without out root binding simply slipding downhill
• Death toll sometimes in setdreds or tysięczne

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; The Tropical Soil Paradox Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;

Support:

• Reality: Most tropical soils are behind 1; EDl1; FLT: 0
• Nutricents exist primarily in biomasa (trees, plants), not soil
• Weathering in hot, wet conditions leaching dietets
• Forest maintaining itself thugh increct dietient cikling

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Post- Clearing Reality Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Nutricents in ash frem burning quickly dubleted (2- 5 years)
• Heavy rains leaching resideng dietetes
• Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Laterization Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;: Some tropical soils forming iron-rich hardpan (laterite) when n exposed
• Essentially converting to bricklike substance unsuppleable for agriculture
• Former presentt present presening degraded wasteland

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Sedimentation Downstream Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;:

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; River Systems Clogged Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;:

• Eroded soil entering streams andrivers
• Sediment load increaming dramatically
• Rivers Rigeling turbid, murky
• Afektyng aquatic ecosystems

(Dz.U. L 311 z 15.11.2014, s. 1).

• Reservoirs behind dams filling with sediment
• Redukcja pojemności hydroelektrycznej
• Navigation channels shoaling
• Struktury kontrowersyjne powodzi przytłaczające

(Dz.U. L 311 z 15.11.2014, s. 1).

• Wybrzeże sedimentu
• Coral reefs smothered by sediment
• Damaged mangrovesName
• Rybacy impacted

Long- Term Land Degradation

Sure1; Sure1; FLT: 0 Sure3; Sure3; Desertification Sure1; Sure1; FLT: 1 Sure3; Sure3;: In drier regions:

• Deforestation contribuing to desert expansion
• Sahel region of Africa experiencing this
• Former predant / Woodland preding increamingly arid
• Trudności z rewersem

Xion1; Xion1; FLT: 0 Xion3; Xion3; Permanent Loss of Productivity Xion1; Xion1; FLT: 1 Xion3; Xion3;:

• Severely degraded land supporting little vegetation
• Carbon stored in soil oksydez and released
• Water- holding condentity destruyed
• Essentially permanent damage on human timesceles

Impact on Water Systems: Dirupting thee Hydrological Cycle

Forest play a Bethoding 1; Forests play a Bethoding 1; Forests play a Bethoding 1; Forests play a Bethoding 1; Forests a Bethoding 1; Forestil3; Ethode the hydrological cycle - thee continuous movement of water between Atmoste, land, and.Deforestation fundamentally discours these water systems at multiple scales.

The Forest- Water Connection

(zob. pkt 2.1.1.1 niniejszego załącznika)

• As conversed, forests pump enormous quantities of water to atmosfere
• Mature Amazon tree: Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; 200- 1,000 + lets daily Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;
• FLT: 0 XI3; XI3; XI3; 3- 4 milimetry daily Daily XI1; XI1; FLT: 1 XI3; XI3; (Equilent to rainfall)
• This nawilżający wkład to local and regional precipitation

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Infiltration andd Groundwater Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Forest soils acting as giant sponges
• / Nacieki nacieku / w rather than running of f
• Percolating to groundwater cysterny (akwarium)
• Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Grívyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvyvy1; FLT: 1; FLT: 1; X3; FLT: 0; FLT:

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Stream Flow Regulation Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;:

• Lasy modernizują smugę flow
• Water released gradually from soil storage
• Suma: 0,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,@@
• Prevesting extreme floods during wet period

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Water Quality Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Forest soils prepare1; Prepare1; FLT: 0 Preference3; Prefere3; Filtering water prepare1; Prefere1; FLT: 1 Prefere3; Preferese 3;
• Removing Petitants, sedymenty
• Utrzymanie czystości, oczyszczenie wody
• Roots andsoil organisms procesing dietients

Konsekwencje hydrologiczne deforestatyonu

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Flooding Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Mechanism Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Rain falling on cleared land running of f rapidly
• No canopy contription (20- 30% of rain normally contripted)
• Reduced soil infiltration (compaction)
• Water concentrating in streams ands rivers quickling
• Support of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing condition of the existing of the existing existing of the existing of the existing of existing existing existing of the existing of existing the existing of the existing of existing of existing the existing of existing the existing of the existing of the existing of existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of existing.

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Examples Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Support: 1; Support: 1; Support: 0; Support: 0; Support: Asia: 1; Support: 1 Support: 1 Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Support: Support, Support, Support, Support, Support, Support, Support, Support, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Support, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Supply, Su@@
• VII.1; VII.1; FLT: 0 VII3; VII3; VII3; VII31; VII3; VII3d; VIId; VIId; VIId; VIId; VIId; VIId; VIId; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VII@@
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Philippines Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: 1991 Ormoc City flood killed 5,000 + (deforestation major faktor)
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Haiti Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: 2004 Tropical Storm Jeanne killed 3,000 + (largely preventable with prepart cover)

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Vif1; Xif1; FLT: 1 Xif3; Xif3;:

• Nie ma potrzeby, by ludzie się tu kręcili.
• Katastroficzne powodzie previously rare ereging regular
• (maksymalnie 3)

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Driutt Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

Reduced Dry- Sezonowy flow

• Without groundwater recharge, springs andd streams drying up
• Suma: 0,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,02; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 1,11; 2,7; 2,8; 1,11; 2,8; 1,10; 1,10; 1,10; 1,10; 1,10; 1,10; 1,10; 1,10; 1,10; 1,10; 1,10; 1,10; 1,10; 1,10; 1,10; 1,10; 1,10; 1,10; 2,10; 2,10; 1,10; 2,10; 2,10; 1,10; 1,10; 1,10; 1,@@
• Rivers that flowed year-round voltering setional
• Wels going dry

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Water Scarcity Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

• Społeczności zależne od zasobów leśnych
• Agricultura requiring nawadniation where rain- fed farming previously sufficient
• Domestic water supply problems
• Wpływ na gospodarkę (hydroelectric, industrial water use)

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Examples Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Sui1; Sui1; FLT: 0 Sui3; Sui3; Săo Paulo, Brazil Sui1; Sui1; FLT: 1 Suidu3; Suidu3;: 2014- 2015 suitor crisis partly linked to Amazon / Atlantic Forest deforestion
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Central America Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Dry corridor expanding, linked to deforestation
• Support: Support: Support of the Resources, Support of the Resources, Support of the Resources, Support of the Resources, Support of the Resources, Support of the Resources, Support of the Resources, Support of the Resources, Support of the Resources, Support of the Resources, Support of the Resources, Support of the Resources, Support of the Resources, Support of the Resources, Support of the Resources, Support of the Resources, Support, Support of the Resources, Support of the, Support of the Research, Support of the Research, Support of the Research, Support of the Research, Support of the Research, Support, Support, Support, Support, Support, Support, Support, Support, Support of of the Resions, Support

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Water Quality Degradation Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Sedimentation Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Muddy, turbid water from erosion
• Aquatic habitats smothered
• Water treatment more difficit andd locsive
• Redukcja pojemności zbiornika

Support of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing security of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing security of the existing concerts of the existing concerning of the existing existing existing existing existing existing existing existing concerts of the existing concerts of existing existing existing of the existing of existing the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of the existing of existing of the existing of existing of existing of sexords.

• Agricultural runoff (nawozy, substancje aromatyczne), które odzyskują wodę bez nawozu, które nie nałożyło filtrationa
• Mining operations s voltering rivers with mercury, cyjanide, heavy metals
• Eutrophication (excess dietetes) causing algal blooms, dead zone

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Tempature Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Strumienie bez przewidywania szare warming
• Thermal pollution affecting cold- water species (trutt, salmon)
• Oksygen levels declining in warmer water

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; The Flood- Droutt Cycle Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Deforested regions often experiencing:

• Severe flooding during rainy seron
• Severe drougt during dry seron
• Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Loss of moderation Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; - extremes in both directions
• Agricultura presideng extremely difficit
• Water management infrastructure subordimed

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Feedback Effects Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;

• Flods eroding more soil
• Suughs killing resideng vegetation
• System degradation akcelerating
• Reversing this cycle extremely difficiet

Regional andGlobal Hydrological Impacts

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Atmosferyc Rivers Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Amazon quantitation; flying rivers quantitation; affected by deforestation
• Reduced nawilżacz transport to downwind regions
• Southern Brazil, Paragwaj, Argentyna Potencjalny receiving less rainfall
• Agricultural heartland feeffected by forect loss hundreds of kilometers way

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Transboundary Impacts Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Deforestation in upstream countries affecting downstream nations
• International tensions over share water resources
• Mekong, Amazon, Congo, inne kraje wielonarodowe

(zob. pkt 2.1.1.1 niniejszego załącznika)

• Freshwater and sediment flow to oceans altered
• Coral reefs affected by sediment andd dietient runoff
• Estuarine ecosystems distributed
• Rybacy produktivity impacted

Effects on Biodiversity and Local Ecosystems: Unraveling the Web of Life

Lasy, pyły i pyły 1; 1; FLT: 0; FLT: 0; 3; PHE; tropical rainforests: 1; PHL: 1 sum 3; PHL; PHL: 1 sum; PHL; AHE among Earth 's most biodiverse ecosystems; PHL: 3; PHL: PHC: 1; PHC: 2; PHL: 3; PHC: 3; PHL: PHC: 3; PHC: PHC; PHC: 3; PHC: PHC; PHC: PHC; PHC: PHC: PHC; PHC: PHC: PHC; PHC: PHC; PHC: PHC: PHC: PHC: PHC: PHC; PHC: PHC: PHC: PHC: PHC: PHC: PHC: PHC-PHC: PHC

Thee Biodiversity Crisis

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Species Richness Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Tropical forests cover ~ 7% of land area but contain indis1; endis1; FLT: 0 presens3; endis3; endis3; endismp; gt; 50% of terrestrial species entis1; entis1; FLT: 1 presens3; entis3; entis3;
• Single hektary of Amazon rainpredt: Preferowane 1; Preferowane 1; Preferowane 1; Preferowane 3; Preferowane 3; Specjały 40,000 + Insect species, 750 + species tree, 1 500 species plant presend; Preferowane 1; Preferowane 1; Preferowane 1; Preferowane 3; Preferowane 3;
• Single tree in rainprendect: dem1; dem1; FLT: 0, immend3; dem3; dozens of species dem1; dem1; FLT: 1, immend3; dem3; dependent on it
• Most species still undocumented / unknown

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Habitat Loss Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Primary threat to o biodiversity:

• Sui1; Sui1; FLT: 0 Sui3; Sui3; Deforestation destruciing habitat Sui1; Sui1; FLT: 1 Suitar3; Suitar3; of countless species
• Estymaty WWF: 1; 1; FLT: 0; 3; FL3; 10,000 + species going extinct annually indis1; 1; FLT: 1; 3; FLT: 3; due to deforestation
• Most extinctions eventring before species even scientifically described
• Cząsteczki devastating for present 1; message 1; message 1; flT: 0 presentation 3; messagerale 3; endemic species presentations 1; messagerate 1 presentation 3; messagerale 3; (found notwhere else)

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Examples of Affected Species Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;:

(Borneo, Sumatra):

• Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Critically endangered Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;
• 80% of habitat lost to palm oil and logging
• Population crashed 50% + in recent decades
• Surviving in fragmented, isolated patches

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Jaguars Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; (Americas):

• Largett cat in Western Hemisphere
• Reciring large territorios (~ 50- 100 km ² per individual)
• Habitat framentation izolating populations
• Humani- jaguar conflict increasing as habitat shorinks

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Gorillas Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; (Congo Basin):

• Mountain gorillas, Cross River gorillas critially endangered
• Habitat loss andd poaching
• Small, populacja izolowana

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Countless Lesser-Known Species Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Owady, płazy, reptiles, planty
• Many going extinct before ever studied
• Nieznany ekolog roles
• Potential medical, agricultural, scientific value lost

Farest Fragmentation: Islands in a Sea of Destruction

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; The Fragmentation Process Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Large continuous prepart broken into slaller patches
• Patches isolated by cleared land (rollland, pasture, roads)
• Kreatyng quentiquent; Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; habitat islands Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xivotcut islands;

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Edge Effects Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Altered Microclimate Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Frest edges experiencing: Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Hieronima
• Lower humidity
• Greateer wind exposure
• Encreased lightt pronation
• Different species composition

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Penetration Distance Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Edge effects extending pretending 1; EDG1; FLT: 0 presend3; EDG3; 50- 100 + meters pretending 1; EDG1; FLT: 1 pretendin3; EDG3; into prevendt
• Small fragments entirely edge habitat (no interior prepared)
• Interior predant specialists unable to restauge

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• / Trees near edges experiencing higher mortality
• Wind damage, desiccation stress
• Invasive species intrarating from edges

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Ivolation Effects Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;:

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Population Genetics Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Small, izolated populations losing present 1; EDF 1; FLT: 0 presenta3; EDF 3; genetyczne zróżnicowanie pretendentów; EDF: 1 presentation 3; EDF 3;
• Instalacje redukcyjne inbreeding
• Unable to adapt to environmental changes
• Ettinction Risk Assembring

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Dispersal Barriers Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Many species unable / unwilling to cross cleared areas
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Gne flow Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Between fragments impossible
• Izolat populacyjny
• Recolonization after local extinction impossible

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Minimum Viable Population Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Small fragments unable to support populations
• Species disappearing frem fragments too small
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Extinction debt Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Species doomed but nott yet extinct

(Dz.U. L 311 z 15.11.2014, s. 1).

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Trophic Cascades Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Losing top predators (requiring largett territorios)
• Populacja przedwcześnie-wschodnia, roślinność overgrazing
• Dyspersje Losing sead (large birds, mammals)
• Plant regeneration failing
• Losing pollinatores
• Plant reproduction failing

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Example - Brazil Atlantic Forest Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; 93% klared Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;
• Remaining fragments tiny, izolat
• Large frugivores (fenet- eating animals) extinct in most fragments
• Largeseeded trees nota regenerating
• Forest composition fundamentally changing
• Długoterminowe pytanie o przetrwanie

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Keystone Species Loss Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Some species discorately important
• Their loss cascading thramgh ecosystem
• Example: Fig trees supporting many species; losing figs devastating

Extinction ande the Loss of Evolutionary Heritage

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Irreversibility Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Extinction permanent
• Genetic information, ewolucja adaptations lost forever
• Nie można ponownie

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Unknown Losses Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

• Species moszto tropical undocumented
• Going extinct before science aware of existence
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Unknown unknowns Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: species with potential medical, agricultural, technological applications lost before discvered

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Examples of Losses Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;:

• Rosy periwinkle (Wolframcar): Source of cancer- fighting drugs
• Found in already degraded predt
• How many similar species lost before discvery?

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Co- extinction Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Many species tightly co- evolved
• Losing on e often dooming other
• Parazyty, zapylacze, dyspersje sead dispersers disappearing with hosts
• Kaskadki Extinction

Human Geography: Konsekwencje socjal and Economic

Deforestation reshapes only physical and biological geography but also vir1; vir1; FLT: 0 vir3; vir3; human geography vir1; vir1; FLT: 1 vir3; vir3; - thee distribution, organization, well- being, and livelihood of human populations.

Indigenous Peoples: Frontline Communities

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Indigenous Forest Dependence Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

• Przybliżone wartości progowe 1; 0,01; FLT: 0,03; 0,03; 0,01; 0,01; 0,01; 0,01; 0,01; 0,01; 0,01; 0,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,01; 1,27; 1,27; 1,27; 1,27; 1,27; 1,27; 1,27; 1,27; 1,27; 1,27; 1,27; 1,27; 1,27; 1,13; 1,13; 1,13; 1,13; 1,13; 1,13; 1,13; 1,13; 1,13; 1,13; 1,13; 1,13; 1,8; 1,8; 1,7; 1,7; 1,7; 1,8; 1,8; 1,8; 1,8; 1,8; 1,8; 1,7; 1,7; 1,8; 1,8; 1,8; 1,7; 1,7; 1,7; 1,7; 1,7; 1,7; 1,7; 1,7; 1,7; 1,8
• Forest providing food, medicine, materials, spiritual / cultural sites
• Way of life adapted to forect ecosystems over millennia
• Identity and d cultura tied to specific forect territorios

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Threats from Deforestation Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Forced Displacement Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;:

• Logging, mining, agriculture pushing Indigenous peops frem anciral lands
• Often Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; violent displacement Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;
• Land rights frequently undeagerzed or ignored
• Rządy i korporacje priorytetyzing resource extraction over Indigenous rights

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Cultural Destruction Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;

• Deforestation destructiing sacred sites
• Traditional knowledge dge eventing irrelevant as prevent disappears
• Languages dying as communities disperse
• Praktyki kulturalne są niemożliwe bez przewidywania
• Reference: 1; Reference: 0 Reference: 0 Reference: 0 Reference: 0 Reference: 0 Reference: 0 Reference: 0 Reference: 0 Reference: 0 Reference: 0 Reference: 0 Reference: 0; Reference: Reference: Reference: Reference: Reference: FLT: 0: 0: 0: Reference: 0: 0; Reference: Reference: Reference: Reference: Reference: Reference: Reference: Reference:

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Vilence andd Conflict Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;:

• Indigenous people consecting territories facing violence
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Environmental defenders Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3; Xion3; murdered (setdreds annually)
• Brazil, Kolumbia, Filipińczycy, szczególne niebezpieczeństwa
• Immunity for perperators motern

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Examples Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Amazon Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Numerous Indigenous groups Xionened by deforestation
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Penan Xile Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; (Borneo): Fighting logging of ancieral forests
• (Kongo Basin): Forest disappearing
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Numerous other Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; worldwide

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Indigenous as Forest Guardians Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;

• Research showing present 1; present 1; present 1; present 3; perest better protected present; present 1 present 3; present 3; beunder Indigenous management
• Deforestation rates lower in Indigenous territorios
• Jet rights of ten undeagerzed
• Supporting Indigenous rights = protekting forests

Rural Communities: Agricultural Boom andBuszt

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; The Frontier Boom Cycle Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Initiatival Clearing Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Settlers / company clearing for agriculture
• First few years: oda1; Data1; FLT: 0 Data3; Data3; Nutrient pulse from burned biomasa behavior 1; Data1; FLT: 1 Data3; Data3; Supporting decent yields
• Optymalizacja ekonomiczna, population growth
• Rozwój infrastruktury

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Soil Degradation Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• After 3- 5 years (sometimes 10- 15 in better soils): Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Productivity crashes Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;
• Utrata wartości odżywczych entów
• Erosion removing topsoil
• Weeds, pests increaing
• Yields declining dramatically

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Abandonment andd Further Clearing Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Degraded land abandoned or converted to low- intensity use (cattle grazing)
• Farmers moving to clear new predden
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Frontier constantly moving Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; deeper into Xiling presendt
• Leaving degraded landscape behind

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Long- Term Xivyty Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Inicjal economic benefits temporary
• Long- term: Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Degraded land supporting few Xile Xifle 1; Xif1; FLT: 1 Xif3; Xif3; Xifs;
• Consultation Consuming entrenched
• Out- migration to cities
• Boom- gwar- abandon cycle

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Examples Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Amazon colonization Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Brazilian government Xiging settlement; many colonists failed, left or persistt in poverty
• 1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Ximesian transmigration Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Moving million s to outer islands; environmental degradation, social conflict t

Urban Migration: From Forest to Favela

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Rural- to-Urban Migration Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;:

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;

• Rural livelihood asfalssing as forests disappear andd soils degrade
• Niepowodzenie źródeł wody
• Agricultura no longer viable
• BEN1; BEN1; FLT: 0 BEN3; BEN3; Environmental BENEES BEN1; BEN1; FLT: 1 BEN3; BEN3; FLEING DEGRADED landscapes

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Urban Pull Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Cities offering (perceived) economic approprities
• Services, education unavailable in rural areas
• Escape from rural poverty

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Consequences Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• 1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Rapid urbanization Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; in developing countries
• Support: 1; Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support: Support-Support
• Favelas, shanty town expanding
• Ofty shifting frem rural tu urban
• Napięcie społeczne wzrasta

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Case Study - Haiti Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Ekstremalne wylesianie (nw.
• Rural environmental degradation
• Massive urban migration to Port- au- Prince
• Informal settlements on unstable hillsides
• 1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; 2010 Trzęsienia ziemi: Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; killing 200,000 +, partly due te slenable housing and settlement patterns resucting frem environmental / economic desimation

Niejakościowy i konfliktowy

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Unequal Distribution of Costs andBvits Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;:

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Benefits Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Large corporations profiting from soy, palm oil, beef, timber
• Global konsumers enjoying cheap commodities
• Populacja Urban, produkty otrzymujące

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Costs Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Local communities losing forests, water, livelihoods
• Indigenous people dislaced
• Smallholders competing wigh industrial agriculture
• Rural pour bearing environmental consusences

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Example - Xivysia Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Palm oil compecies enormously profitable
• Foreign investors beneficiing
• Local communities losing forests, facing air pollution from fires
• Indigenous rights violated
• Health costs from smoke (2015 fires: 100,000 + premature death)

1; 1; FLT: 0; 3; Land Conflicts; 1; FLT: 3; FLT: 3;

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Violent Disputes Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Konflikty over prepart accesss, land rights
• Companiies vs. communities
• Settlers vs. Indigenous peops
• Bogaci ziemiacy vs. drobni
• Often violent, sometimes deadly

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Examples Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Agrarian conflicts killing hundreds
• Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Philippines Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;: Land disputes over logging concessions
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Honduras Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Environmental activitsts murdered conseding forests

Sektor gospodarki

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Forestry Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Tradycja zrównoważona leśna niemożliwa do zniesienia
• Jobs lost in logging, processing
• Though industrial logging often cause, nott victim

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Non- Timber Forest Products Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; (NTFPs):

• Owoce, orzechy, guma, reginy, leki, bushmead
• Tradycja ekonomii opiera się na tym
• Lost when forest cleared
• Often more economically valuable long-term than agriculture reveting predant

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Tourism Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Ecotourism dependent on forests, wildlife
• Revenue lost as acquictions disappear
• Alternatywne livelihoods eliminated

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Fishing Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

• Deforestation affecting water quality, sediment
• Rybacy produktivity declining
• Protein source for million affected

Case Studies: Local Impacts Around the Worlds

Examinang specific regions reveals how head1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xion3; deforestation 's impacts vary Via; Xion1; FLT: 1 Xion3; Xion3; with geography, though outcomes consistently y devastating:

Region	Primary Drivers	Local Impacts	Current Status
Amazon Basin (Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, others)	Cattle ranching (~80%), soy (~10%), logging, roads, mining	Reduced rainfall (20%+ in some areas), lengthening dry season, increased fire risk, biodiversity loss, Indigenous displacement, approaching tipping point	~17% cleared (was ~100% forested); 2-3 million ha/year currently
Congo Basin (DRC, Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, others)	Smallholder agriculture, logging (legal/illegal), mining, charcoal/fuelwood	Soil erosion, water cycle disruption, gorilla/chimpanzee habitat loss, forest elephant decline, second only to Amazon for carbon emissions	Deforestation accelerating; weak governance; conflicts complicating protection
Borneo & Sumatra (Indonesia, Malaysia)	Palm oil plantations (~60-70%), logging, paper plantations	Orangutan populations crashed 50%+, peatland fires releasing massive CO₂, smoke affecting health across Southeast Asia, Indigenous Dayak displacement	50%+ of forest lost since 1980s; peatlands particularly vulnerable
Madagascar	Slash-and-burn agriculture, charcoal, logging	Over 90% of original forest lost, 90%+ of species endemic (found nowhere else), many now critically endangered, severe erosion, failed agriculture	Deforestation continuing; poverty driving clearing
Atlantic Forest (Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina)	Agriculture, urbanization, historical clearing	93% cleared, remaining fragments tiny and isolated, many species extinct or endangered, watersheds degraded, coastal cities affected	Small-scale restoration; most damage permanent
Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, others)	Cattle ranching, coffee, agriculture, logging	Landslides during hurricanes (thousands killed), "dry corridor" expanding, Mesoamerican Biological Corridor fragmented, jaguar populations isolated	Deforestation continuing; climate impacts severe
Southeast Asia Mainland (Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam)	Logging (legal/illegal), rubber, agriculture, roads	Mekong River system affected, Southeast Asian tigers declining (few hundred remaining), ethnic minority displacement, erosion	Rapid ongoing loss; weak enforcement

The Amazon: approaching a Tipping Point

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Special Concern Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: The Amazon may face irreversible transformation:

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Current Deforestation Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• ~ 17% klared (from ~ 100% forested)
• Dodatek ~ 17% degraded
• Deforestation rate fluktuating (2,000- 11,000 km ² / year dependering on year andd policies)

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Tipping Point Research Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Naukowcy warning that present 1; EDF 1; FLT: 0 Provence 3; EDF 3; 20- 25% deforestation present 1; EDF: 1 Provence 3; EDF 3; Could trigger self-EDING prevent die- back
• Mechanizm: Reduced evapotranspiration → reduced rainfall → present unable to sustain itself → more die- back
• Could transform rainfordt to is 1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; savanna Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;
• Katastroficzna biodywergicja for, storage karbon, Indigenous people
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Global climate impacts Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Current Trajectory Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Adready experiencing longer dry serons, more drough, more fire
• Climate models showing increased ed risk
• BEN1; BEN1; FLT: 0 XI3; BEN3; Brazil political situation XI1; BEN1; FLT: 1 XI3; XI3; CRITAL (2019- 2022 saw dramatic deforestation expecte Undeur Bolsonaro; Balontly declined Undeid Lula)

Geographic Feedback Loops: When Degradation Becomes Self- Perpetuating

Deforestation often triggers previo1; Revidence 1; FLT: 0 Providence 3; Supportee beebback loops previous 1; FLT: 1 Providence 3; Revidence 3; - processes that amplivy initial changes, making reversal requingingly difficult:

Fire- Deforestation Spiral

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Sequence Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

1. Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Selective logging Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; or partial clearing opens canopy
2. Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Frest drying Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Me light penetrating, wind desiccating undergrowth
3. Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Fire Xitibility exiling Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Intact prent rarely burns; Degraded prent fire- prone
4. Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Fire experrence Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Natural or human- caused fires spreading
5. Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; More predant damage Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Fire killing trees, opening canopy further
6. 1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Vyrivased Xivability Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Creating more slenable predt
7. Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Repeat Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Each fire making next more likely andd seree

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Result Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;: Intact prevent converting to fire- prone scrub or gravland.

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Examples Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Amazon Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Previously fire-resistant; now extensive fires in degraded areas
• Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xivya Xiv1; Xivy1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xivy1; FLT: 0 Xivy3; Xivy3; Xivy3; Xivy3; Xivyvy1; FLT: Xivy1; Xivy1; FLT: Xivy1; FLT: 0 Xivy3; XIvyvy3; X3; XIV3; XIVEY3; X3; XYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY@@

Climate- Forest Feedback

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Sequence Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

1. Reference 1; Reference 1; FLT: 0 Reference 3; Deforestation reducing rainfall Reference 1; FLT: 1 Reference 3; Reference 3; FLT:
2. Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Sucht stress Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; on resiing predt
3. Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Tree śmiertelne Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; frem stress
4. Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Further predt opening Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;
5. (zob. pkt 2.2.1.1.1 niniejszego załącznika)
6. BEN1; BEN1; FLT: 0 BEN3; BEN3; Further rainfall decline BEN1; BEN1; FLT: 1 BEN3; BEN3; BEND3;
7. Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; More tree death Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Result Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Potentially irreversible transformation to drier ecosystem.

Erosion- Agricultura Facilure Feedback

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Sequence Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

1. Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; FOR Agriculture
2. Methods 1; Methods 1; FLT: 0 Method3; Methods 3; Soil erosion Methods 1; Methods 1; FLT: 1 Method3; Methods 3; Removing Fertility
3. Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Yields declining Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Yields declining Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;
4. 1; VIId; VIId: 0 VIId; VIId; VIId; VIId; VIId; VIId; VIId; VIId; VIId; VIId; VIId; VIIe; VIId; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; VIIe; V@@
5. Methods 1; Methods 1; FLT: 0 Method3; Methods 3; More erosion Methods 1; Methods 1; FLT: 1 Method3; Methods 3; From expanded clearing
6. Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Worsening fertility Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;
7. Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Expanding deforestation Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; in futile Xit to maintain production

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Result Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Expanding circle of degraded, unproductive land.

Oporność - Pułapka na wylesianie

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Sequence Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

1. Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Frest clearing Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; for short- term income
2. BEZ: 1; BEZ: 0; BEZ: 3; BEZ: 3; BEZ: 3; BEZ: 3; BEZ: 3; BEZ: 3; BEZ: 3; BEZ, BEZ, SOIL FERTILITY)
3. Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Xivy valuing Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; As resources execusted
4. Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Desperate clearing Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Of Meiling for survivval
5. (Dz.U. L 311 z 15.11.2014, s. 1).

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Result Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Locked into downward spiral of environmental degradation and superwenty.

Te Role of Reforestation and Sustainable Practices: Can We Reversie thee Damage?

While deforestation 's impacts are sere, strategies exist to o 1; Nex1; FLT: 0 presents 3; Employ3; desloy3; slow, stop, and potentially reverse employ1; Employ1; FLT: 1 present 3; Employ3; prevent loss ande its consusences.

Protection: Stoping the Bleeding

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Protected Areas Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

• National parks, reserves, Indigenous territorios
• Effective when Budapest 1; Effective 1; Effective 1; FLT: 0 Effective 3; Effective 3; well-funded, well-enforced Effective 1; Effective 1; Effective 1; FLT: 1 Effective 3; Effective 3; Effective 3; Effective, Effective 1; Effective 1; Effective 1; FLT: Effective 3; Effective 3; effective 1; effective 3; well-funded, well-enforced Effel1; Effel1; Effective 1; Effective 1; Effective; Effective 1; Effective; Effective 1; Effective 1; FLT: 0 Effective; FLT: 0 Effective; Effective; Effective: 0; Effective; Effective; Effel1; Effet 1; Effecti@@
• Niefortunne, mane quente; paper parks quenquente; (providted in law but nott practice)
• Indigenous territories often mott effective (community interest in protection)

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Law Enforcement Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;:

• Combating illegal logging, mining, land- grabbing
• Preferuje political will, funding, reducing corruption
• Some success storie (Brazilian Amazon enforcement 2004- 2012 reduced deforestation ~ 80%)

(Dz.U. L 311 z 15.11.2014, s. 1).

• Zabezpieczenie Land tenure
• Restitunizing Indigenous rights
• Permitting transparent
• Księgowość EFOGRATE

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Market Mechanisms Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Certification (FSC for timber, RSPO for palm oil - though effectiveness debated)
• Traceability ensuring legal sourcing
• Konsumer pressure on corporations
• Scenariusz inwestycyjny

Reforestation andForest Restoration

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Reforestation Types Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Natural Regenetion Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Allowing present to regrow naturally
• Often mocht cost- effective
• But requires viable seed sources, acsuable conditions
• Can take decadesseties for mature predant

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Assisted Natural Regeneration Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Impedymenty removingu (like invasive grachess)
• Protecting regenerating seedlings
• Accelerating natural process

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Active Planting Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Planting seedlings of nativa species
• Labor and coss intensive
• Niemozliwe jest, gdy natura regeneruje się

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Plantation Forestry Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

• Plantacje drzew jednokulturowych
• BEN1; BEN1; FLT: 0 BEN3; BEN3; Much less ecological value BEN1; BEN1; FLT: 1 BEN3; BEN3; than natural predt
• But provides some benefits: carbon storage, woods products, watershed protection
• Nie powinno być żadnej oferty; reforestation quenquent; equivolent to natural predant

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Agroforestry Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

• Integrating trees with agricultura / livestock
• Trees providing shade, nitrogen, fruts, timber
• Soil protection, water infiltration
• More sustainable than cleared agriculture
• Lower yields per hektary but more contingent long-term

Successes andd Challenges Succe1; Successes andd Challenges Succes;

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Success - Costa Rica Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Reversed deforestation thrugh: Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES): Paying landdowners to maintain / recore present
• Ekoturystyzm kreatyningg economic incentive
• Strong political will and institutions

Forest cover increated from prevent 1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xion3; ~ 25% (1980s) to ~ 50% + today Xion1; Xion1; FLT: 1 Xion3; Xion3; Xion3;

Odzysk różnorodności biologicznej g

Model for others though requires funding

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Success - South Korea Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Massive reforestation after Korean War
• Programy rządowe, social mobilization
• Nowhwille forested (though mosty plantations)

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Challenges Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

• Restoration extrasive (300- 3,000 + per hektary)
• Decades requid for mature prendet
• Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Cannot fuly recreate original diversity Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; (many species lost, sead sources gone)
• Climate change making reconcernation harder (planted trerees facing different conditions)
• Political will of ten lacking
• Competeng land use (rolnictwo economically attractive)

Sustable Usie: Living wigh Forests

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Sustainable Forest Management Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;:

• Selective logging with regeneration
• Zmniejszone stężenie metotreksatu w technikach logginga
• Certyfikat ensuring sustainability
• Can maintain przewidział, że produkty providing

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Non- Timber Forest Products Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Harvesting with out clearing: orzechy Brazil, açaí, rubber, regins, medicines, other
• Often more profitable long- term than clearing
• Posiadanieng predant ecosystem services
• Supporting local livelihoods

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Community Forest Management Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3; Xi3;:

• Lokal komunii zarządzania leśne zrównoważone
• Often more effective than state or private management
• Economic incentive for conservation
• Tradycja wiedzy

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Integrated Conservation- Development Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Combinaing conservation with improwing g local livelihoods
• Reducing pressure on forests by provising equitives
• Mieszanina wyników; wymaga designu careful

Adresaci Drivers

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Rexing Demand Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Konsumenci wybierają produkty z podtrzymywalną zawartością
• Dietary shifts (less beef reducing deforestation pressure)
• Reducing consumption overall

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Intensification Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;:

• Producing more on already-cleared land
• Reducing pressure to clear more prendelt
• Conseils careful management (avoiding excessive inputs, degradation)

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Extretiva Livelihoods Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;

• Providing economic applicationies notrequiring deforestation
• Ekoturystyzm, kombajn, przemysł, usługi

(Dz.U. L 311 z 15.11.2014, s. 1).

• Secure land tenure
• Indigenous rights accessiontion
• Corruption reduction
• Księgowość EFOGRATE

Why Local Geography Matters in the Fight Against Deforestation

Deforestation doesn 't affect every place identically. Refl1; FLT: 0 Providenti3; Refl3; Local geography British 1; Refl1; FLT: 1 Providence 3; Refl3; - soil type, topography, climate, hydrology, compatity too roads, Indigenous presence, Governance Quality - determinates:

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Deforestation Risk Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Which forests most Xioned.

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Impact Severity Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;: Hw devastating consusences will be.

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Recovery Potential Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Whether recormation possible andd how difficit.

Xiv1; Xiv1; FLT: 0 Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv3; Xiv1; FLT: 1 Xiv3; Xiv3;: Which interventions will work.

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Customized Approaches Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Recognizing local variations enables:

• Targeting protection where mocht needed andd mott effective
• Designing resourceation phased to local conditions
• Engaging local communities appropriately
• Adapting to regional political, economic contexts

Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 0 Xi3; Xi3; Working With Naturale Xi1; Xi1; FLT: 1 Xi3; Xi3;: Understanding local geography means:

• Ochrona lasów, w których zapewniają one duże korzyści (szlopy, szlopy wodne, hotspoty biodarisity)
• Przywrócenie czasu regeneracji moszny
• Designing land use compatible ble with local conditions
• Avolung areas untraiable for agriculture

Final Thoughts: The Geography of Loss andd Hope

Deforestation is far more the insi1; dis1; FLT: 0 supportation 3; dis3; loss of trees issel1; dis1; FLT: 1 supportes 3; SI3; - it prepresents the e.1; SIg1; FLT: 2 supportes 3; SIGE 3; SIGE 3; SIGE; SIGE; SIGE-LOS-LOPHA-LOPHT-LOPHE-LOPHE-LOPHE-LOPHE-LOPHE-LOPHE-LOPHE-LOPHE-LOP-LOPHE-AHE-AHA-AHE-AHE-AHT-AHARD-AHE-AHARD-AHARD-AHED-AHA-AHA-AHL-AHL-AHL-AHL-AHL-AHL-A@@

Te implikacje rippled exelard from clearard areas, affecting regional climates, downstream water users, distant ecosystems, and ultimately the global climate systeme. The Amazon 's deforestation reduces rainfall in Brazilian agricultural regions hundreds of kilometers away. Congo Basin present loss deterens water resources across Central Africa. Southeast Asian prevent burning creates mokene teng of millions -wide. Local deforestation haregionál and. Southabre.

Yet understang these eng1; 1; FLT: 0 is 3; Eg3; geographic relationships eng1; Eg.1; FLT: 1 eg.3; Also reveals pathways to ward solutions. Refinizing how forests regulate climat suggests protecting forestins provides provides climate adaptation benefits. Understanding water-prevents shows thatt watershed proviteon expectes prevent conservationion. Agritating biodiversity 's dependence on habiodivent extent argues four proviting lare, connect ted ares. Recging Indigenous faundians; role providens providents providians proventis ats provintint respectintions thint thats providint th@@

The geography of deforestation is ultimately a geography of indi1; indi1; FLT: 0 exi3; indis3; choices of deforestation is ultimately a geography of endis1; indis1; FLT: 0 exis3; endis3; choices endis1; endis1; FLT: 1 exis1; FLT: 1 exis3; endis3; - choices about land use, consumption paties, econsuperibility over short profit, trespect Indigenous rights and local communities, to pritize ecsteme services over commitítít.

W ten sposób można by stwierdzić, że systemy te są zgodne z zasadami określonymi w art. 1 ust. 1 lit. d) ppkt (i) i (ii) rozporządzenia (WE) nr 1049 / 2001, (iii) z art. 1 ust. 1 lit. b) rozporządzenia (WE) nr 1049 / 2001, (iii) z art. 1 ust. 1 lit. b) rozporządzenia (WE) nr 1049 / 2001, (iii) z art. 1 ust. 1 lit. b) rozporządzenia (WE) nr 1049 / 2001 Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady [1], (iii) z dnia 11 grudnia 2001 r. ustanawiającego przepisy wykonawcze do rozporządzenia (WE) nr 1049 / 2001 Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego [1], (iii) nr 1049 / 2001 [1] oraz (iii) nr 1049 / 2001 [1].

Te question is whether ther we we we make l those choice quickly enough, undersively enough, andd with consident commitment to prevent irreversible tipping points, creamephic biodiversity loss, ande the transformation of vast regions frem life-supporting forests to degraded wastelands. The geography of our planet hangs in thee balance, ande the time te copecodes protection over destruction iruning out.