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The Earth’s surface has undergone significant changes over millions of years. The movement of continents, driven by tectonic forces, has shaped the planet’s geography. Understanding this process helps explain the current distribution of landmasses and oceans.
The Theory of Plate Tectonics
The theory of plate tectonics explains how Earth’s outer shell is divided into several large and small plates. These plates move slowly over the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them. Their movement causes continents to drift and collide, forming mountains and ocean basins.
Historical Changes in Earth’s Surface
Throughout Earth’s history, continents have shifted positions dramatically. About 200 million years ago, all landmasses were part of a supercontinent called Pangaea. Over time, Pangaea broke apart, and continents drifted to their current locations.
Evidence of Continental Movement
Scientists have gathered evidence supporting continental drift, including:
- Fossil similarities across continents
- Matching geological formations
- Distribution of earthquake and volcano activity
- Magnetic striping on the ocean floor