Table of Contents
Taiwan, also known as Formosa, is renowned for its diverse and dramatic physical features. Its mountainous landscape is a defining characteristic that influences its climate, biodiversity, and human activity. This article explores the key features of Taiwan’s terrain and their significance.
The Mountain Ranges of Taiwan
Taiwan’s mountain ranges extend across the island, creating a rugged terrain. The Central Mountain Range runs from north to south, forming the backbone of the island. It includes several peaks exceeding 3,000 meters, such as Yu Shan, the highest point at 3,952 meters. These mountains influence weather patterns and serve as natural barriers.
Geological Formation
The island’s mountainous features result from tectonic activity, primarily the collision of the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Plate. This ongoing process causes frequent earthquakes and uplift, shaping the terrain over millions of years. The geological activity also contributes to Taiwan’s rich mineral deposits.
Impact on Biodiversity and Climate
The elevation changes create diverse habitats, supporting a wide range of flora and fauna. The mountains act as climate barriers, leading to distinct ecological zones. The eastern side of Taiwan receives more rainfall, resulting in lush forests, while the western plains are drier and more suitable for agriculture.
- Yu Shan (3,952 meters)
- Alishan Range
- Hengchun Mountains
- Shoushan (Mount Shoushan)