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El cambio climático y las pautas meteorológicas cambiantes han influido cada vez más en las operaciones militares en todo el mundo, creando desafíos sin precedentes para las fuerzas armadas en todo el mundo. Estos cambios ambientales afectan a la planificación estratégica, los movimientos de tropas, el apoyo logístico durante los conflictos y la infraestructura misma en la que depende la preparación militar. A medida que el planeta sigue calentando y las pautas meteorológicas se vuelven más impredecibles, las organizaciones militares deben adaptarse a un entorno operacional que está cambiando rápidamente que amenaza la eficacia táctica inmediata y la capacidad estratégica.
Comprender el clima-seguridad Nexus
The 2010 US Quadrennial Defense Review was the first to identify climate change as a threat to national security, marking a significant shift in how military planners view environmental factors. Climate change presents risks to three elements of military effectiveness: readiness, operations and strategy. This recognition has prompted defense departments worldwide to reassess their operational doctrines and infrastructure planning to account for the multifaceted impacts of a changing climate. While the effects of climate change threaten military infrastructure, the impact they have on social systems could impose the most pressing security challenges. It envisions a world rippling with new threats as conflicts erupt over waning water supplies and disappearing farmland. The intersection of climate change and national security creates a complex web of challenges that extends far beyond traditional military concerns, encompassing humanitarian crises, resource conflicts, and regional instability.Efectos sobre las estrategias militares y las operaciones tácticas
Las condiciones meteorológicas impredecibles pueden alterar fundamentalmente la dinámica de los campos de batalla de manera que los planificadores militares deben anticiparse y abordar. El clima forma el ambiente de combate. Afecta literalmente cada aspecto de las operaciones militares – desde el fuego y la maniobra hasta las comunicaciones y la logística. Las precipitaciones, tormentas y sequías repercuten en la disponibilidad de recursos y la movilidad de las fuerzas, lo que exige a los comandantes que adapten continuamente estas estrategias para tener en cuenta estos factores ambientales.
Impactos históricos del tiempo en los resultados militares
Durante la historia militar, el tiempo ha jugado un papel decisivo en la determinación de los resultados de las grandes batallas y campañas. Napoleón perdió porque una tormenta inesperada la noche antes de que Waterloo arrojó su artillería en barro. Por el contrario, Los aliados triunfaron en D-Day cuando predijeron correctamente que un descanso en mal tiempo permitiría la invasión anfibia de Normandía el 6 de junio de 1944. Más recientemente, la Fuerza de Bagdad varios días
During the Gulf War, sandstorms resulted in limited visibility, which hindered anti-aircraft artillery effectiveness against aerial threats. Lessons from World War II are also pertinent, where the Battle of the Bulge was severely impacted by adverse winter weather. Snow and ice complicated logistical support and diminished operational capabilities, underscoring how environmental factors can delay reinforcements and affect troop morale.Climate-Specific Operational Challenges
At the tactical level, the changing climate and resultant extremes affect operations in desert, tropical, and cold climates. Tactics effective in one climate may be ineffective when applied in another. The high temperatures and humidity in the tropics are conducive to the growth of dense foliage which greatly affects tactical operations. Desert climates can range from extremely hot in the daytime to very cold at night, requiring added protective measures.En entornos árticos, los desafíos se multiplican significativamente. Un factor de viento de -26 F (-32 C) se considera el valor crítico para el equipo y el personal que opera en clima frío. El extremo opuesto, 120 F (49 C), es el valor crítico para el personal que opera en climas cálidos. Estos umbrales de temperatura extrema definen los límites operativos dentro de los cuales las fuerzas militares deben funcionar, a menudo requieren equipo especializado, entrenamiento y apoyo logístico.
Efectos meteorológicos en sistemas de armas y equipo
Factors such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed can affect projectile trajectories, engagement accuracy, and equipment performance. While achieving remarkable levels of accuracy and lethality, guided weapons remain vulnerable to weather. Laser and electro-optical guidance are affected by weather conditions including rain, snow, dust, haze, and smoke from fires. Infrared and radar guidance can be thrown off by clouds, smoke, water vapor and haze. Adverse weather conditions can compromise radar capabilities, reducing the effectiveness of detection and tracking systems. For instance, heavy rainfall can lead to signal distortion, hampering the timely engagement of aerial threats. Severe weather such as large hail, high winds, and heavy rains can halt flying operations and damage unprotected aircraft on the ground. Communication within the air domain is also susceptible to space weather effects such as ionospheric scintillation.Impacto en las cadenas logísticas y de suministro
Las perturbaciones relacionadas con el clima pueden obstaculizar gravemente las rutas de transporte y suministro, creando efectos de cascada en todas las operaciones militares. Las carreteras inundadas, las infraestructuras dañadas y los cambios de las pautas estacionales complican la entrega de suministros esenciales, afectando la eficacia operacional y potencialmente comprometen el éxito de la misión.
Transporte y Movilidad Desafíos
Extreme weather events can cause delays and disruptions in plans for mobility, lines of communication, points of embarkation, logistics and support. Impactful weather can disrupt supply columns, aerial resupply, and medical evacuation. Rainy, humid, and dusty weather can cause more wear on equipment and require more preventive maintenance and additional stockpiling of spare parts. For example, climate change can place significant burdens on the supply chains and logistical capacity of armed forces engaged in "theater." Extreme drought or flooding in areas where militaries are engaged in warfighting, for example, can compromise water supply lines, and thus threaten military personnel directly. The vulnerability of supply chains to weather disruptions requires military planners to develop redundant systems and alternative routes to ensure operational continuity.Disponibilidad y Sostenimiento de recursos
Restoring national utilities, food production, water resources, etc. can be considerably hindered by the frequency of extreme weather. Extreme drying can also increase the likelihood of non-state actors using the seizure of water resources as leverage against populations and adversaries. This creates a dual challenge where military forces must not only secure their own supply lines but also potentially intervene to prevent resource-driven conflicts. Countries like Afghanistan that depend on surface-water irrigation could see widespread crop failures. Jordan could lose more than 70 percent of its surface water; millions of people there already receive water just one day a week. These resource scarcities create conditions that can destabilize entire regions, requiring military forces to adapt their operational planning to account for humanitarian crises and potential conflicts over dwindling resources.Environmental Challenges in Combat Zones
Las zonas de combate modernas se enfrentan a una serie de desafíos ambientales que se extienden más allá de las consideraciones meteorológicas tradicionales. La frecuencia y la intensidad cada vez mayores de los desastres naturales, junto con los cambios climáticos a largo plazo, crean entornos operacionales que son fundamentalmente diferentes de los de décadas anteriores.
Mayor frecuencia de los desastres naturales
They are getting closer to home, we're being called more and more often for humanitarian assistance. We're dealing with these devastating storms that are increasing in frequency. An increase in the frequency and intensity of natural disasters may also put strains on the capacity of armed forces to deliver humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR). The convergence of climate change with other crises—such as pandemics, economic shocks, and extreme drought or flooding—could create "compound" risks that many countries are unprepared to manage, according to yesterday's report. "Climate security risks will continue to intensify across all regions, with new disasters hitting before societies can recover from or adapt to the impact of previous ones," it states.Terrenos y Paisajes alterados
El cambio climático está alterando fundamentalmente la geografía física de las zonas de combate. El aumento de los niveles marinos amenaza las instalaciones costeras, mientras que la desertificación cambia el carácter de las regiones interiores. El aumento de los niveles del mar podría recortar una zona de Egipto casi el tamaño de Rhode Island, desplazando a 5,7 millones de personas. Estos cambios de paisaje requieren fuerzas militares para actualizar continuamente sus mapas operacionales y evaluaciones tácticas.
By 2050, the models predicted, Iran could see 30 days a year when the heat and humidity pose an extreme danger to human health. Such extreme conditions not only affect military personnel directly but also create humanitarian crises that may require military intervention, stretching resources and capabilities beyond traditional combat operations.Períodos prolongados de tiempo extremo
High heat, combined with high humidity, can create heat stroke conditions for personnel performing strenuous activities outdoors, such as long marches, steep climbs, and carrying heavy loads. Exposure to strong winds, dust, and heavy rain can be debilitating and disorienting. Operations may need to be timed to avoid these hazardous weather conditions. Together, these elements have a direct impact on personnel and vehicle performance. Excessively high temperatures cause heat-related injuries to personnel and vehicle engine wear that leads to equipment failure. The cumulative effect of prolonged exposure to extreme weather conditions can degrade unit readiness and combat effectiveness over time.Cambios en las condiciones climáticas locales
Many of the common effects can be derived for planning purposes from the climate of the theater of operations. Special attention must be given to those elements of weather which may limit operations or preclude them altogether. For instance, operations in the tropics must be planned to consider the recurring cycle of the monsoon season. In continental Europe, strategy must be considered with severe winters and with the annual autumn and spring thaws affecting trafficability and cross-country movement.Amenazas a la infraestructura e instalaciones militares
Las instalaciones militares en todo el mundo enfrentan crecientes amenazas del cambio climático y fenómenos meteorológicos extremos, que sirven como columna vertebral de la capacidad de preparación militar y proyección de fuerzas, están experimentando niveles sin precedentes de estrés ambiental.
Vulnerabilidades de la base costera
Climate change effects such as sea level rise have the ability to compromise coastal military installations that are critical for such operations. Operating bases are at risk of being submerged by rising oceans, and military personnel could be retasked to help civilian populations during intensifying disasters. Hurricanes represent some of the most acute threats to military installations, given the concentration of major bases along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts. Hurricane Katrina in 2005 marked an early inflection point, severely affecting naval installations across the Gulf Coast and disrupting port operations, housing, and maintenance facilities.Impacto en la formación y la lecidad
Extreme heat may impact training, and changes to ocean buoyancy caused by melting ice may influence submarine operations. Damage to installation infrastructure, disruptions to training and operations, and stress on energy and water systems can quickly cascade into broader challenges for mission assurance and force readiness. The impacts of these weather events ranged from delays/cancellations of training to installation closures. These disruptions have cumulative effects on military readiness, as units lose critical training time and must divert resources to recovery and repair operations rather than maintaining combat proficiency.Daños a la infraestructura y perturbaciones operacionales
US military installations—whether large coastal hubs, inland training ranges, logistics nodes, or forward-operating bases—function as essential national infrastructure. They host critical assets, serve as staging areas for operations, enable global force projection, and support the daily readiness of service members. Because these installations often sit in regions of strategic value that are also highly exposed to environmental hazards—coastal zones, river basins, arid regions, and fire-prone landscapes—they face an increasingly complex risk environment. Damage to installation infrastructure, disruptions to training and operations, and stress on energy and water systems can quickly cascade into broader challenges for mission assurance and force readiness.Cambio Climático como multiplicador de amenazas
El cambio climático no funciona en forma aislada sino que amplifica las amenazas de seguridad existentes y crea nuevas vulnerabilidades. Los estrategas militares reconocen cada vez más el cambio climático como un "multador de riesgo" que exacerba las tensiones regionales, la competencia de recursos y las crisis humanitarias.
Conflicto e inestabilidad regionales
Climate change—under plausible scenarios like a major drought—could substantially worsen conflict in a way that most existing models don't capture. If it ever comes to that, climate change will be one of several reasons—a threat multiplier. The interaction between climate stress and other conflict drivers creates complex security challenges that require comprehensive military planning. A report last month by the Council on Strategic Risks found that climate change could increase the potential for conflict between India and China, in part by intensifying competition over vital water resources. Both sides have threatened military action in disputes over water resources, illustrating how environmental stress can escalate into potential military confrontations.Crisis humanitarias y respuesta a desastres
CENTCOM may be called upon less to fight wars, and more to airdrop humanitarian supplies or evacuate people from disaster zones. It may be called upon less to fight wars, and more to airdrop humanitarian supplies or evacuate people from disaster zones. This shift in mission focus requires military forces to develop new capabilities and operational doctrines that emphasize humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. It should also plan to contribute more to stability operations in the region, working to prevent possible climate crises like the one in Egypt from tipping into open conflict. The preventive role of military forces in climate-related crises represents a significant evolution in how armed forces contribute to national and international security.Competencia de recursos y seguridad del agua
Increasing water and food shortages, for example, can drive internal friction or organized crime. Warming ocean waters could deplete rich fisheries off Oman and Yemen. These resource pressures create conditions for conflict that military forces must be prepared to address, either through direct intervention or by supporting diplomatic and humanitarian efforts.Military Adaptation and Climate Strategies
Reconociendo los profundos impactos del cambio climático en las operaciones militares, las organizaciones de defensa de todo el mundo están desarrollando estrategias integrales para adaptarse al entorno cambiante y mantener la eficacia operacional.
Institutional Climate Strategies
"As the Army optimizes the use of fuel, water, electricity, and other resources, we increase our resilience while saving taxpayer dollars and reducing our impact on the planet," said Secretary of the Army Christine E. Wormuth. "The Army will mitigate and adapt to climate change, and in doing so gain a strategic advantage, especially as we continue to outpace our near-peer competitors." According to the strategy, the Army will incorporate the latest climate science knowledge into its training modules. The Army has also adapted to operations in extreme cold by increasing the frequency of cold weather exercises in Iceland, Norway and Canada, conducting six such exercises in 2020.Innovación tecnológica y modernización del equipo
Transitioning to using more electric vehicle options will help the Army achieve tactical self-sufficiency. The Army spends a significant amount of its sustainment requirement on its tactical vehicle fleet. The transition to electric will reduce energy needs, Farnan said. This modernization effort addresses both operational efficiency and environmental sustainability. Thus, whereas in the past decarbonization has been seen as a goal that must be balanced against the need to maintain operational effectiveness, in the years ahead, operational effectiveness may well come to depend on decarbonization. This represents a fundamental shift in military thinking about the relationship between environmental sustainability and combat capability.Capacitación y preparación del personal
Finally, the Army will focus on training its Soldiers to prepare for operations amid the impacts of climate change. You're always going to have to be able to operate regularly in extreme environments. This training emphasis ensures that military personnel can maintain effectiveness across a wider range of environmental conditions. Training personnel to operate under various weather conditions enhances resilience. This preparation ensures that crews can effectively manage equipment and maintain combat readiness, regardless of environmental challenges. The investment in climate-focused training represents a recognition that environmental literacy is now a core military competency.Planificación operacional e integración de la inteligencia
An understanding of weather information is a key enabler of airpower and should be integrated at every decision point during the planning, execution, assessment, and sustainment of military operations. By integrating weather considerations into tactical planning, military operations can significantly enhance their success rate. It might consider establishing a center that focuses full-time on climate-related security issues. It should also look for ways to leverage its expertise—and the expertise of its partners in the region—to help countries weather the changing climate. This institutional approach ensures that climate considerations are embedded throughout military planning and operations.La huella ambiental de los militares
Mientras las fuerzas militares se adaptan a los impactos del cambio climático, se reconoce cada vez más la contribución del sector militar a las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y la degradación ambiental, lo que crea una dinámica compleja en la que las fuerzas armadas deben prepararse simultáneamente para los impactos climáticos al reducir su huella ambiental.
Emisiones militares y efectos climáticos
A 2022 report by the Conflict and Environment Observatory suggested that militaries could account for around 5.5 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions — but that could be an underestimate. According to a 2019 study by Brown University's Costs of War project, the Defense Department is the U.S. government's largest fossil fuel consumer. Energy use at military bases and fuel use from the operation of military equipment – such as aircraft, naval vessels and land vehicles – are often seen as the main contributors to military GHG emissions. Contemporary warfare is dominated by aviation. This emits vast quantities of GHGs during production and operation – in 2017 alone the US Air Force purchased US $4.9 billion of fuel.Presentación de informes sobre los desafíos y la transparencia
Nations participating in the Paris climate agreement are not required by the United Nations to report the carbon emissions from their armies and aircraft or warships and weapons. The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, obliges signatories to publish annual GHG emissions data, but military emissions reporting is voluntary and often not included. We have found that even when it is reported, military GHG emission data is often incomplete. There needs to be far greater transparency and more robust reporting so that emissions can be managed and reduced.Environmental Degradation from Military Operations
Modern warfare not only results in human casualties but also leaves behind a legacy of environmental degradation that can persist for decades, if not centuries. War and conflict, as illustrated by examples from Ukraine, Vietnam, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Iraq, Afghanistan, and currently occurring ones, have led to increasing emissions, significant loss of biodiversity, ecosystem degradation, and disruption of natural habitats, affecting land and water life.Proyecciones futuras e implícitas a largo plazo
Mirando hacia adelante, la relación entre el cambio climático y las operaciones militares sólo se intensificará. Los planificadores de defensa deben prepararse para un futuro en el que los factores ambientales desempeñan un papel cada vez más central en la determinación de la estrategia militar, la estructura de la fuerza y las capacidades operacionales.
Projected Climate Scenarios
Researchers modeled a world up to 45 years from now in which efforts to slow climate change had largely failed. The hottest places were that much hotter, and the driest that much drier. Climate stress will become more intense and more frequent throughout its area of operations. The past two decades have produced clear evidence that extreme weather hazards in the United States are intensifying in both frequency and severity. This trend is expected to continue and accelerate, requiring military forces to develop increasingly sophisticated adaptation strategies.Necesidades de la Misión
For CENTCOM, the implications of RAND's research and analysis are clear. Military organizations must prepare for a broader range of missions that extend beyond traditional combat operations to include extensive humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, and stability operations in climate-affected regions. More than that, the climate crisis is having adverse impacts on a wide range of other national security and defence concerns. More than that, the climate crisis is having adverse impacts on a wide range of other national security and defence concerns. The interconnected nature of climate and security challenges requires integrated approaches that address both environmental and military concerns simultaneously.Necesidades de adaptación estratégica
The article concludes by identifying core lessons for future planning and adaptation—arguing that understanding these events is essential not only to protect physical infrastructure but also to sustain long-term readiness and national security in an era of accelerating environmental change. Achieving net-zero emissions in the defense sector is a complex task that demands strategic planning, innovation, and potentially significant changes in military operations, procurement, and underlying military doctrines. This transformation will require sustained commitment and investment across all aspects of military organization and operations.Desafíos ambientales integrales
El alcance completo de los problemas ambientales que enfrentan las operaciones militares abarca múltiples ámbitos y contextos operacionales, y es esencial comprender estos desafíos en su totalidad para elaborar estrategias de adaptación eficaces.
- Mayor frecuencia de desastres naturales: Las instalaciones y operaciones militares se enfrentan a huracanes, inundaciones, incendios y otros fenómenos meteorológicos extremos que perturban la capacitación, la infraestructura de daños y requieren esfuerzos de recuperación más frecuentes.
- Terrenos y paisajes alterados: El aumento de los niveles del mar, la desertificación, el derretimiento de permafrost y el cambio de los patrones de vegetación alteran fundamentalmente el entorno físico en el que operan las fuerzas militares, requiriendo actualizaciones continuas de planificación táctica e inteligencia geográfica.
- Los períodos prolongados de clima extremo: Las ondas de calor prolongadas, las sequías y las inhalaciones de frío crean desafíos operacionales sostenidos que afectan a la salud del personal, el rendimiento del equipo y la sostenibilidad logística en los plazos prolongados.
- Cambios en las condiciones climáticas locales: Los patrones de precipitación, los ciclos estacionales alterados y las normas de temperatura cambiantes exigen que las fuerzas militares adapten su planificación operacional para tener en cuenta las nuevas bases ambientales en las regiones donde operan.
- La vulnerabilidad de la infraestructura: Las bases militares, en particular las instalaciones costeras, enfrentan crecientes amenazas de aumento del nivel del mar, desbordamiento de tormentas y de erosión que amenazan las instalaciones críticas y las capacidades de proyección de la fuerza.
- Las perturbaciones de la cadena de suministros: Los efectos relacionados con el clima en las redes de transporte, la disponibilidad de recursos y la infraestructura logística crean vulnerabilidades en las cadenas de suministro militar que deben abordarse mediante la redundancia y la adaptación.
- Salud y seguridad personal: Las temperaturas extremas, la mala calidad del aire de los incendios forestales y la exposición a condiciones meteorológicas severas crean riesgos para la salud del personal militar que requieren medidas de protección y apoyo médico mejoradas.
- ]Degradación del equilibrio: El calor extremo, la humedad, el polvo y la precipitación aceleran el desgaste en el equipo militar, lo que requiere un mayor mantenimiento, ciclos de sustitución más frecuentes y el desarrollo de tecnologías más resistentes.
Cooperación y coordinación internacionales
Para hacer frente a la intersección del cambio climático y las operaciones militares es necesario que exista cooperación y coordinación internacionales, y ninguna nación puede hacer frente de manera eficaz a esos desafíos en forma aislada, lo que hace que los enfoques multilaterales sean esenciales para la seguridad mundial.
The U.S. State Department and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) generally take the lead on humanitarian assistance missions. The United Nations and NATO oversee peacekeeping and stabilization efforts. These partnerships are increasingly important as climate-related security challenges transcend national boundaries. Tackling the threats posed by climate change is expected to be a key part of the Group of Seven meeting later this week and NATO on June 14. International forums provide opportunities for military organizations to share best practices, coordinate responses, and develop common approaches to climate-related security challenges.Recomendaciones de política y prácticas óptimas
Sobre la base de las amplias pruebas de impactos climáticos en las operaciones militares, surgen varias recomendaciones normativas clave para las organizaciones de defensa en todo el mundo, que abordan tanto las necesidades operacionales inmediatas como los requisitos de adaptación estratégica a largo plazo.
En primer lugar, las organizaciones militares deben integrar las consideraciones climáticas en todos los niveles de planificación y operaciones. Finalmente, la rama militar más grande de la nación incorporará las implicaciones de seguridad en los cambios climáticos en su estrategia, planificación, procesos de adquisición y su cadena de suministro.
En segundo lugar, es esencial invertir en infraestructuras resistentes al clima. Las instalaciones militares deben endurecerse contra fenómenos meteorológicos extremos, prestando especial atención a las bases costeras vulnerables al aumento del nivel del mar y al aumento de tormentas, lo que incluye no sólo mejoras de infraestructura física sino también el desarrollo de sistemas distribuidos y redundantes que puedan mantener las operaciones incluso cuando se vean comprometidas las instalaciones primarias.
En tercer lugar, la capacidad de previsión del tiempo y de inteligencia ambiental es fundamental, y la comunidad meteorológica se adapta e integra la información de los depósitos en los procesos de planificación y adopción de decisiones a nivel estratégico, operacional y táctico. Las tecnologías modernas de previsión deben aprovecharse para proporcionar a los comandantes militares información precisa y oportuna sobre las condiciones ambientales.
En cuarto lugar, las fuerzas militares deben desarrollar una mayor flexibilidad operacional para adaptarse a las cambiantes condiciones ambientales, lo que incluye mantener las capacidades en una gama más amplia de condiciones climáticas, desarrollar conceptos operacionales alternativos cuando los enfoques primarios se vean comprometidos por el clima y fomentar la resiliencia organizativa que permita una rápida adaptación a los retos ambientales inesperados.
El papel de la tecnología y la innovación
La innovación tecnológica desempeña un papel crucial en la ayuda a las fuerzas militares a adaptarse al cambio climático y reducir sus efectos ambientales. Los avances en la ciencia de materiales, sistemas energéticos y tecnología de la información ofrecen oportunidades para aumentar la eficacia operacional en la tarea de hacer frente a las condiciones ambientales.
El desarrollo de vehículos y equipos más eficientes en energía reduce las cargas logísticas al disminuir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Los materiales avanzados que mejoran las temperaturas extremas, la humedad y otras tensiones ambientales aumentan la fiabilidad del equipo. Los sistemas de pronóstico del tiempo mejorados utilizando inteligencia artificial y sensores avanzados proporcionan una mejor conciencia de la situación para la planificación operacional.
Los sistemas de energía renovable para bases de operaciones avanzadas reducen la dependencia de las cadenas vulnerables de suministro de combustible al disminuir el impacto ambiental. Las tecnologías de purificación y conservación del agua abordan la escasez de recursos en entornos áridos.
Conclusión: Preparando para un futuro incierto
El impacto del cambio climático y la evolución de las pautas meteorológicas en las operaciones militares representa uno de los retos de seguridad más importantes del siglo XXI. A medida que las condiciones ambientales siguen cambiando, las fuerzas militares de todo el mundo deben adaptar sus estrategias, capacidades e infraestructuras para mantener la eficacia en un entorno operacional cada vez más impredecible.
The far-reaching impact of war, military operations, and the military-industrial complex on biodiversity and climate change underscores the urgent need for global peace and environmental management. The relationship between military operations and climate change is bidirectional—climate change affects military operations, while military activities contribute to climate change.El éxito en este entorno difícil requiere enfoques amplios que aborden las necesidades operacionales inmediatas y aumenten la resiliencia a largo plazo. Las organizaciones militares deben invertir en infraestructuras resistentes al clima, desarrollar doctrinas operacionales adaptables, mejorar la capacidad de inteligencia ambiental y fomentar la cooperación internacional en los problemas de seguridad relacionados con el clima.
Thus, whereas in the past decarbonization has been seen as a goal that must be balanced against the need to maintain operational effectiveness, in the years ahead, operational effectiveness may well come to depend on decarbonization. This fundamental shift in thinking recognizes that environmental sustainability and military effectiveness are increasingly interdependent rather than competing priorities.Las organizaciones militares que con éxito navegan por estos desafíos serán las que se acojan a la adaptación, invierten en innovación y reconocen el cambio climático como factor central en la planificación de la seguridad nacional. A medida que las pautas meteorológicas sigan cambiando y las condiciones ambientales se vuelvan más extremas, la capacidad de operar eficazmente en una amplia gama de escenarios climáticos definirá cada vez más la capacidad militar y la ventaja estratégica.
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