Nile Basin
Africa's longest river — ancient civilization and modern water politics.
The Nile River — Africa's longest — flows north through Sudan and Egypt to the Mediterranean. Its floodplain supported ancient civilizations; the Aswan High Dam now stores water and generates power.
Today eleven countries share Nile waters. Ethiopia's Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and downstream demand in Egypt make basin politics a live geography issue.
- White vs. Blue Nile — different headwaters converge in Sudan.
- Delta agriculture — most of Egypt's population lives along the river.
- Water scarcity — climate and growth stress future allocations.
See also: Major river systems, Sahara Desert, Mediterranean Basin.
