Sub-Saharan Africa
Rainforests, savannas, rifts, and fast-growing cities.
Sub-Saharan Africa lies south of the Sahara and includes tropical rainforests, savannas, rift valleys, and temperate southern farmlands — the world's youngest and fastest-urbanizing major region.
The Congo Basin stores carbon and biodiversity; the East African Rift opens new volcanic and lake landscapes; Southern Africa mixes mining economies with varied climates.
- Demographics — rapid urban growth in Lagos, Kinshasa, Nairobi, Johannesburg.
- Resource geography — minerals, oil, and agricultural potential.
- Climate risk — drought, floods, and vector-borne disease zones.
See also: Sahel, Sahara Desert, Nile Basin.
